Way Kambas Video Trap

Enjoy the Way Kambas National Park endangered mega fauna and other rare wildlife species caught in video. Find mother and baby of Sumatran rhino, challenging young male Sumatran tiger, big family of Sumatran elephant, funny Malayan sun-bear and curious Malayan tapir.

Way Kambas: The Best Asian Night Birding

It was written by Janos Olah & Attila Simay in Birding Asia magazine, on 2007. Not only the great variety of the otherwise scarce and hard to-come-by species is what makes this national park world-famous, but also the relative ease in finding them. No other place in sumatra that has 4 species of Frogmouth.
Showing posts with label Megafauna. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Megafauna. Show all posts

Tuesday, March 6, 2018

Oleh Riszki Is Hardianto

Taman Nasional Way kambas adalah salah satu kawasan konservasi yang terletak di daerah Lampung tepatnya kecamatan Labuhan Ratu, Kabupaten Lampung Timur, Indonesia. Pada tahun 1924 Kawasan hutan Way Kambas (Lampung Timur) dan cabang (Lampung Tengah) disisihkan sebagai daerah hutan lindung, bersama-sama dengan daerah hutan yang tergabung di dalamnya. Ekosistem TNWK telah mewakili hutan dataran rendah yang terdiri dari hutan rawa air tawar, padang alang-alang dan hutan pantai yang ada di Pulau Sumatra.

Kawasan pelestarian alam Way Kambas didirikan sejak tahun 1936 oleh Resident Lampung Mr. Rookmaker dan kemudian pada tahun 1991 atas dasar surat Keputusan Menteri Kehutanan nomor 144/Kpts/II/991 tanggal 13 Maret 1991 dinyatakan sebagai Taman Nasional, dimana pengelolaan Sub Balai Konservasi Sumber Daya Alam Way Kambas yang bertanggung jawab langsung kepada Balai Konservasi Sumber Daya Alam Way Kambas dinyatakan sebagai Balai Taman Nasional Way Kambas.


Alasan ditetapkanya kawasan tersebut sebagai kawasan pelestarian alam adalah untuk melindungi kawasan yang menjadi rumah bagi satwa liar eksotis diantaranya tapir (Tapirus indicus), gajah Sumatra (Elephas maximus sumatranus), enam jenis primata, harimau Sumatra (Panthera trigis sumatrae) dan beruang madu (Helarctos malayanus). Pada saat itu Badak Sumatera belum ditemukan sehingga bukan merupakan salah satu pertimbangan yang dipergunakan sebagai dasarnya. 

Badak sumatera, satwa yang pada awal inisiasi pendirian kawasan TNWK tidak dimasukkan dalam pertimbangan pembentukan kawasan justru saat ini kondisinya kritis terancam punah. Seperti yang telah dicantumkan IUCN  dalam catatan merahnya, bahwa badak sumatera berada dalam kelas Critically Endangered Species atau Kritis Terancam Punah. Selain itu, kondisi badak sumatera juga dicerminkan dalam sebuah penelitian yang diterbitkan oleh jurnal Current Biology pada 14 Desember 2017 lalu yang memaparkan bahwa badak sudah berhadapan dengan fase kepunahan sejak 10.000 tahun yang lalu. 

Saat ini, TNWK disebut-sebut sebagai benteng terakhir pertahanan badak sumatera, di mana tidak lagi terdengar informasi keberadaanya di hutan dataran rendah lainnya. Berdasarkan analisis viabilitas populasi badak sumatera (PVA Sumatran Rhino, 2015) diperkirakan jumlah badak di TNWK berkisar antara 27-30 ekor di habitat alaminya. Angka tersebut masih menjadi kisaran yang akan semakin menurun jika tidak diiringi dengan upaya pengawasan dan perlindungan kawasan habitat alami badak di TNWK secara optimal, baik berupa survey maupun monitoring.
 

Usaha pelestarian badak sumatera di TNWK tentunya tidak mudah, berbagai tantangan seperti maraknya berbagai aktifitas illegal yang ada di dalam kawasan dan juga degradasi habitat berupa kebakaran hutan. Kedua hal tersebutlah yang menjadi ancaman utama bagi keberlangsungan hidupan badak sumatera di TNWK. Upaya-upaya strategis sangat diperlukan dalam usaha mengamankan kawasan hutan yang merupakan habitat badak sumatera baik dari kegiatan aktifitas illegal ataupun degradasi habitat guna menjagabadak sumatera di TNWK tetep lestari.
 

Ancaman Masih Mengintai Populasi Badak di TNWK

Seperti yang diketahui, badak sumatera adalah satwa soliter yang ‘pemalu’ dan sangat sensitif dengan kehadiran manusia. Maraknya aktifitas illegal di dalam kawasan seperti perburuan, memancing dan penebangan liar tidak menutup kemungkinan akan membuat semakin sempitnya area jelajah dari badak dan tentunya akan berimplikasi pada semakin terancamnya keberadaaan badak sumatera di TNWK.

Mungkin kasus kematian badak sumatera yang disebabkan oleh perburuan memang sangat jarang terdengar, namun bukan berarti tidak pernah dan tidak mungkin untuk terjadi, karena berbagai ancaman yang mengintainya masih saja ditemukan hingga saat ini. Pun kerusakan habitat yang terjadi diakibatkan oleh aktifitas illegal turut menjadi ancaman utama bagi kelangsungan hidup badak sumatera yang tersisa. 

Rusaknya hutan diiringi dengan berbagai aktivitas illegal yang terjadi menyebabkan semakin terdesaknya populasi badak sumatera menuju kepunahan. Dengan populasinya yang semakin kecil dan kawasan berhutan yang semakin terganggu menjadi ancaman serius bagi kelestarian badak sumatera di TNWK.
 


Upaya yang Dilakukan ALeRT

- Survey dan Monitoring Badak


 
Mempertahankan kelestarikan badak sumatera di habitatnya (in-situ). Guna mendukung kelestarain badak di TNWK, ALeRT membentuk tim Rhino Monitoring Unit (RMU) untuk mengetahui kondisi populasi dan tingkat viabilitas badak di TNWK. Tim RMU melakukan pengoleksian data berupa tanda-tanda sekunder aktivitas badak sumatera di alam seperti jejak kaki, kotoran, bekas pakan, dan kubangan. Selain itu, kegiatan pengamanan habitat juga dilakukan dengan mengambil dan mendata temuan jerat dikawasan serta melakukan pendataan wilayah-wilayah dengan tingkat aktifitas illegal yang cukup tinggi. Pendataan tersebut dimaksudkan untuk menjadi dasar penentuan konsentrasi pengamanan wilayah yang akan dilakukan, sehingga intensitas aktifitas illegal yang terjadi didalam kawasan TNWK diharapkan dapat berkurang. 

- Reforestasi dan Perlindungan Habitat



Selain kegiatan survey dan monitoring badak sumatera, ALeRT juga melakukan kegiatan reforestasi guna mengurangi tingkat degradasi habitat yang disebabkan oleh terbakarnya hutan. Sejauh ini, empat lokasi rawan terbakar didalam kawasan TNWK telah direforestasi dan dalam proses perlindungan. Adapun masing-masing luasan area reforestasi tersebut rata-rata seluas 50 Ha. Dengan dilakukannya kegiatan reforestasi diharapkan mampu menyatukan kembali area berhutan yang selama ini terfragmentasi. Dengan berkurangnya fragmentasi habitat di TNWK, artinya kawasan hutan akan semakin luas. Kawasan yang telah 'menghutan' kembali diharapkan dapat membuat wilayah jelajah badak akan menjadi lebih luas sehingga mampu mendorong kelestarian badak sumatera yang ada di TNWK.

Monday, February 12, 2018


Elephas maximus sumatranus
Sumatran elephant (Elephas maximus sumatranus) has been categorized into "critically endangered" by the IUCN Red-List. More effort is needed to restore Sumatran elephant population and proportional distribution in wild. Fragmentation and habitat degradation, as well as poaching are the main factors caused declining of elephant population in nature. The existence of elephants is currently divided into three groups: the elephants in their natural habitat, elephants residing in conservation institutions such as zoos and elephants that are placed in the Elephant Training Center (ETC). The government created ETC in 5 locations, among others in Lampung, Bengkulu, Palembang, Riau and Aceh.


In the implementation, ETC management gets various problems. One of the issues that need to be immediately resolved is the availability of feed with adequate quality and quantity. In the principle, government has been provided budget for the procurement of feeds, but the quality and quantity has been not fulfilled yet.

In ETC Way Kambas National Park (WKNP) the elephant get food in two mechanisms, the grazing and additional feed from outside area. In the dry season, the natural feed (grazing) will be decreased, and the additional feed (coconut leaves) should be imported from afar. Making the elephant food farm in ETC area is one of the main alternatives to sufficient of elephants nutrition.  Before the elephant food farm are made, it is necessary to make protective canals for protect plans from wildlife herbivore.

AleRT in collaboration with WKNP and the Save Indonesia Endangered Species (SIES) support partner, already excavates 2.8 hectare protective canal in ETC. The canal is 2x2 meters, built surrounded 20 hectares of land that will be elephant food farm. A water reservoir (that call Embung) between the canal area at large 40 x 20 meters and depth 6 meters has been made. The resevoir function is to hold water in the rain season and to be source of water during the dry season. This activity has began in early November 2017 and finished on 26 December 2017.
the protective canals and water reservoir

In Addition, we also have been made the protective canal of young elephant areas. The canal was intended for keep young elephant from visitor access that may carrier of any parasites. It is a prevention to keep elephant healthy. Young elephant is highly potential parasites infection. Some of young elephant was death it caused parasite infection.

Elephant protective canal
After the activity, ALeRT expects that elephants health and feed in the future can be fulfilled, thus elephants in ETC WKNP live in welfare.

Monday, January 29, 2018


The population and habitat of the Sumatran rhinoceros (Dicerorhinus sumatrensis) has been in decline for 50 years.
The Indonesian Ministry of Forestry (2015) estimates only 100 Sumatran rhinoceros individuals remaining in their natural habitat. However, there is no confirmed, accurate data on the population or other supporting data that describes actual conditions in the wild. In order to make effective and efficient recommendations for conservation actions, accurate and valid data is urgently required. This data would include factors such as population, distribution and sex ratio.



Way Kambas National Park, Sumatra, is the last known chance to protect the Sumatran rhino population. Located in the Lampung province, WKNP provides Sumatran rhinoceros into the future. This habitat is critical, as it is the only location where rhino has been found in a lowland region. The number of Sumatran rhinoceros in WKNP was estimated 27-30 (PVA Sumatran Rhino, 2015), but needs to be scientifically verified and updated. An occupancy survey should be undertaken to document the distribution of Sumatran rhinoceros in WKNP. Information from the occupancy survey results may be used as a reference for further monitoring. Ongoing monitoring would employ methods of camera traps, drone surveillance and DNA analysis.

ALeRT, in collaboration with WKNP and TFCA-Sumatra, started the Sumatran rhino occupancy survey in WKNP in September 2018. ALeRT conducted this survey by forming 3 teams of Rhino Monitoring Units (RMU), each consisting of 5 ALeRT staff. The staff were trained specifically to identify the secondary signs of the Sumatran rhinoceros in WKNP. Standardized training and capacity building are implemented to ensure consistent monitoring of methods and skills. This is crucial as it results in more accurate data.

The Sumatran Rhino Occupancy Survey was conducted over an area of ​​195 grids, each measuring 2 x 2km, with a canopy coverage of 30% or more. As of January 2018, the RMU's have successfully surveyed 181 grids. During survey activities, the RMU team identified the signs of rhino activities, such as footprints and foot rubs in / on soil, dung, feed, twisting of plants, urine, body rubs on trees, and wallows in several grid areas in SPTN I, II, and III. These are the ruins of Sumatran rhino. The data gathered so far directs future camera trap monitoring, by providing specific locations of the secondary signs. With camera trap footage, these secondary signs can transition into primary signs, documenting the active pathways of the Sumatran rhino within WKNP. In addition to the rhinoceros, the RMU teams have also collected secondary signs from other key species, such as Sumatran tigers, Sumatran elephants, sun bears, and Malayan tapir. Alongside documenting data of rhino and other wildlife, the RMU teams also encountered signs of illegal activity within WKNP.

Human activity in the area of ​​WKNP is still a major threat to the conservation of Sumatran rhinoceros and other wildlife. Most of the illegal activities were found in the rhino's active pathways. These illegal activities range from low threat to high threat, encompassing crimes of poaching (snare traps), illegal logging, illegal boating and fishing, illegal camping and illegal burning of the forest. These activities are threats not only to the Sumatran rhino, but to the broader ecosystem of WKNP.

The RMU survey results have important data and reference points for WKNP management. The RMU patrol has proven beneficial not only to the monitoring of rhino population, but also as a method of documentation and protection against illegal activities. Co-operation between local and international communities, NGO's and other stakeholders is a crucial step in the preservation of the forest.